夏雨 2008-1-27 15:23
美国第七舰队简介和部队编制
[血狼原创翻译]
[题外话]众所周知，美国第七舰队一直是围堵中国的急先锋，是美国在西太平洋地区的重要战略力量。对于这支舰队，大家早就耳熟能详，但网上并没有特别详细的报道，本文是从美国第七舰队的官方网站（[url]http://www.c7f.navy.mil[/url]）和百科网站（[url] [url]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Seventh_Fleet[/url][/url]）的资料翻译而成，我将在译文的后面附上原文和出处，请大家指正。下面是翻译的正文。
成立于1943年的美国第七舰队是美国海军最大的海外前沿投送部队，任何时候，这支舰队都保证拥有40－50搜作战舰艇，200余次作战飞机和20000余名的水面和水下的战斗人员。这包括部署在日本和关岛基地的军事力量以及轮流部署在美国本土的作战部队。
第七舰队的辖区主要包括太平洋，印度洋和阿拉伯湾，虽然距离美国本土西海岸达11000英里之遥，但在其所辖的各战斗部队（task force）司令部的支持下，第七舰队仍然忠实履行其对美国国家安全战略三大基本要素的职责：即威慑，前沿防御和联合作战。因而在世界和平与稳定上发挥越来越重要的作用。
第七舰队的旗舰是“蓝岭”号两栖登陆指挥舰（USS Blue Ridge），部署在日本横须贺港。第七舰队司令和旗舰每年有超过一半的时间用于演习，作战和对友好盟国的访问。
第七舰队司令主要承担三个方面的工作。首先，在本土遭受打击或者联合军事作战的时候，第七舰队司令可以被委派为联合作战司令部司令。其次，在日常活动中，第七舰队司令是其辖区内所有海军力量的最高指挥官。最后，第七舰队司令通常还兼任朝鲜半岛联合作战的海军总指挥。在有军事行动时，第七舰队司令可以节制辖区内所有盟国的海上力量。
第七舰队主要负责完成三大任务：
1． 防卫和保护针对美国领土，公民，商业利益，海上航线以及盟国的任何不良企图。
2． 依靠其强有力的，灵活机动的海上力量，以及通过与其他军种和盟国军事力量的密切合作来阻止敌方的攻击行为。
3． 一旦威慑失败，第七舰队能展开快速并且持久的战斗部署来应对任何针对美国及其盟国利益的敌对行动。
通常情况下有40－50艘舰艇隶属于第七舰队。其中有18艘永久部署在日本和关岛的美军基地。这些配属于前沿防御的作战舰艇代表了第七舰队的核心打击力量，形成了永久性的快速反应战斗值班部队,同时缩短海外基地军事行动的航程及减少装备保障费用。第七舰队的其他舰艇则交替部署在美国西海岸和夏威夷的海军基地。
在任何时候，第七舰队超过一半的军事力量都在其辖区巡游，第七舰队通常情况下由下面的武装力量组成：
各种武装舰艇：
1－2航母
3－5导弹驱逐舰
5－10巡洋舰和护卫舰
4－5快速攻击潜艇
1 指挥舰（旗舰）
4－8两栖运输和登陆舰
4－6后勤补给舰
1 潜艇供应舰
2 反雷舰
1 海上打捞舰
各种作战飞机：
包括200余架的航母舰载机和其他舰载机以及部署于基地的各式岸基海上巡逻机。
海军陆战队及其航空兵
一个师编制的海军陆战队以及一个联队的海军航空兵，一个大队的维修力量
人员
美国海军和海军陆战队共20000人
根据作战指挥和行政管理需要，美国第七舰队和其他舰队一样，整个舰队由各个特殊编号的战斗部队（task force）组成，第七舰队下辖：
编号70的战斗部队（TF70）：这是第七舰队的主要战斗编队，由两大独立战斗单位组成，一部分是第七舰队的水面战斗部队，主要包括巡洋舰和驱逐舰。另一部分是由至少一艘航母组成的航母战斗群，TF70战斗部队的核心是“小鹰”号航母及其舰载攻击机。
编号71的战斗部队（TF71）：这主要包括第七舰队的海军特种作战力量和对第七舰队武器弹药的管理，其基地驻扎在关岛。
编号72 的战斗部队（TF72）：这是第七舰队的巡逻侦察部队。主要包括反潜侦察机以及各种海基，空基的监控平台。如P－3机和陆基的EP－3侦察机。
编号73的战斗部队（TF73）：这是第七舰队的后勤保障力量，由各式补给船和各种后勤保障船只组成。
编号74的战斗部队（TF74）：这是第七舰队的潜艇力量。负责第七舰队战区内潜艇行动的计划与调整
编号75的战斗部队（TF75）：主要部署那些隶属于第七舰队但不属于航母战斗群的独立的驱逐舰和巡洋舰上的地面部队。
编号76的战斗部队（TF76）：主要负责支援陆战队登陆行动的两栖突击特混舰队。由具备投送“由舰到岸”攻击部队能力的各单位组成。如“塔拉瓦”级和“黄蜂”级两栖攻击舰以及登陆艇等。
编号77的战斗部队（TF77）：这是第七舰队的水雷部队，拥有各种扫雷，布雷，排雷舰艇和反水雷直升机（MH－53）。这一部队只在特殊作战的时候参与，并且直接归属上级水雷部队的调配。
编号79的战斗部队（TF79）：分派给第七舰队的海军陆战队远征队（登陆部队），包括至少一个得到加强的陆战队营及其装备。该部队独立于通常装载于 “埃塞克斯”两栖战备群（ARG）上的陆战队远征部队（MEU）。第七舰队中的陆战队各单位通常来自于驻日本冲绳的第三陆战队远征军（MEF）。
下面是翻译的原文：
Established in 1943, United States 7th Fleet is the largest of the Navy's forward-deployed fleets. At any given time, there are 40-50 ships, 200 aircraft and about 20,000 Navy and Marine Corps personnel in the U.S. Seventh Fleet. This includes forces that operate from bases in Japan and Guam, as well as rotationally-deployed forces based in the United States.
Operating in the Western Pacific, Indian Ocean and Arabian Gulf -- up to 11,000 miles from the west coast of the United States, Seventh Fleet, with the support of its task force commanders, directly supports the three principal elements of U.S. national security strategy: Deterrence; Forward Defense; and Alliance Solidarity. The fleet thereby promotes peace and stability in this increasingly important part of the world.
Commander, U.S. Seventh Fleet is embarked in USS Blue Ridge (LCC 19) and forward deployed to Yokosuka, Japan. The commander and flagship spend more than half of each year taking part in operations, exercises and port visits to allied and friendly nations.
Commander Seventh Fleet (C7F) performs three jobs. First, C7F can be assigned as a Joint Task Force commander in the event of natural disaster or joint military operation. Second, C7F is the operational commander for all naval forces in the region; this is the job we do every day. Finally, C7F is designated as the Combined Naval Component Commander for the defense of the Korean peninsula; in the event of hostilities, all friendly naval forces in the theater would fall under C7F control.
These are the primary missions of Seventh Fleet:
1. Defend and protect the territory, citizens, commerce, sea lanes, allies and other vital interests of the United States.
2. Deter aggression with capable, flexible and mobile U.S. naval forces, cooperating closely with other U.S. military services and the forces of allied and friendly nations.
3. If deterrence fails, conduct prompt and sustained combat operations to terminate hostilities on terms favorable to the United States and allies.
Of the 40-50 ships typically assigned to Seventh Fleet, 18 operate from U.S. facilities in Japan and Guam. These forward-deployed units represent the heart of Seventh Fleet and constitute a permanent, ready and highly capable presence, while reducing transit times and support costs by operating from overseas bases. Other ships are deployed on a rotating basis from bases in Hawaii and the U.S. west coast.
On any given day, about 50 percent of Seventh Fleet forces are deployed at sea throughout the area of responsibility. A "snapshot" composition of 7th Fleet on a typical day includes:
Typcial complement of ships in the Seventh Fleet
1-2 aircraft carriers
3-5 Aegis guided-missile cruisers
5-10 destroyers and frigates
4-5 fast attack submarines
1 Command and control ship (USS Blue Ridge)
4-8 Amphibious transport and landing ships
4-6 Logistics and support ships
1 Submarine tender
2 Mine Countermeasures Ships
1 Salvage Ship
Naval and Marine Aircraft
200 aboard aircraft carriers and other ships
Various P-3C Maritime Patrol Aircraft deployed to bases ashore
MARINE AIR AND GROUND FORCES
Marine Expeditionary Force composed of a Marine Division,
Marine Aircraft Wing, Force Service Support Group and Marine Expeditionary Unit.
PERSONNEL
U.S. Navy and Marines -- About 20,000
（以上来源：第七舰队的官方网站[url]http://www.c7f.navy.mil[/url]）
For operational and administrative purposes the United States Seventh Fleet, as with other numbered fleets, is organized into several specialized task forces.
USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63), center of Task Force 70 of the United States 7th Fleet
• Task Force 70 — TF 70 the Battle Force of 7th Fleet and is actually made up of two distinct components: Surface Combatant Force 7th Fleet, composed of cruisers and destroyers, and Carrier Strike Force 7th Fleet, made up of at least one aircraft carrier and its embarked air wing. The Battle Force is currently centered around the carrier USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63) and Carrier Air Wing 5 (CVW-5).
• Task Force 71 — TF 71 includes all Naval Special Warfare (NSW) units and Explosive Ordnance Disposal Mobile Units (EODMU) assigned to 7th Fleet. It is based in Guam.
• Task Force 72 — TF 72 is the Patrol-Reconnaissance Force of the Seventh Fleet. It is mainly composed of anti-submarine warfare (ASW) aircraft and maritime airborne surveillance platforms such as P-3 Orion and EP-3 reconnaissance planes operating on land bases.
• Task Force 73 — 7th Fleet's Logistics Force composed of supply ships and other fleet support vessels.
• Task Force 74 — Fleet Submarine Force responsible for planning and coordinating submarine operations within 7th Fleet's area of operations.
• Task Force 75 — Designation of the Surface Combatant Force assigned to Seventh Fleet responsible for the cruisers and destroyers that are not assigned as escorts to aircraft carriers.
• Task Force 76 — Amphibious Assault task force mainly responsible for supporting Marine landing operations. It is composed of units capable of delivering ship-to-shore assault troops, such as Tarawa-class and Wasp-class amphibious assault ships, and landing craft.
• Task Force 77 — 7th Fleet Mine Warfare Force composed of mine countermeasure, mine hunter, and mine control ships as well as mine countermeasure helicopters (MH-53). This task force is only activated during specific combat operations and is filled by the Commander of Mine Warfare Command.
• Task Force 79 — The Marine expeditionary unit or Landing Force assigned to the fleet, consisting of at least a reinforced Marine battalion and its equipment. This unit is separate from the Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) normally embarked in USS ESSEX Amphibious Readiness Group (ARG). Marine units serving in 7th Fleet are normally drawn from III Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) based in Okinawa, Japan.
（这一部分来源于维基百科[url]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Seventh_Fleet[/url]）
